Contents

• Pt. 1. The Nineteenth-Century Backgrounds: Kant, Hegel, and Existentialism. Ch. 1. Immanuel Kant: The Problems of Metaphysics and Morals. The Critique of Pure Reason and the Problem of Metaphysics. Transcendental Arguments. The Copernican Revolution. The Transcendental Ego. The Dialectic. Morality and Metaphysics. Freedom
• The First Principle of Practical Reason. God and Immortality. Bibliography
• Ch. 2. G. W. F. Hegel: Spirit and Absolute Truth. The Early Theological Writings. The Purpose of Hegel’s System. The Phenomenology of Spirit. Knowledge of Things-in-Themselves. Spirit. Consciousness and the Dialectic. Self-consciousness: Master and Slave. Reason. The Logic and Absolute Knowledge. Bibliography. Ch. 3. Soren Kierkegaard: Faith and the Subjective Individual. Kierkegaard’s Life as Related to His Thought. Kierkegaard on Christianity. The Attack on Hegelianism. The Meaning of Existence. The Dialectic and the Spheres of Existence. The Aesthetic Sphere. The Ethical Sphere. The Relationship Between the Aesthetic and the Ethical. Becoming a Christian
• The Religious Way of Life. Freedom and Subjectivity. Bibliography. Ch. 4. Friedrich Nietzsche: Nihilism and the Will to Power. Nietzsche’s Writings. The Attack on Systematic Philosophy. Values and Nihilism. Epistemological Nihilism. Moral Nihilism: The "Death of God" The Nature of Morality. Morality, Reason, and Passion. The Will to Power. Slave Morality and Master Morality. The Ubermensch. Eternal Recurrence. Nietzsche’s Place in History. Bibliography
• Pt. 2. The Twentieth Century: Phenomenology and Existentialism. Ch. 5. Edmund Husserl and Phenomenology: The New Way of Philosophy. The Ideal of a ‘Presuppositionless’ or ‘Radical’ Philosophy. The Philosophy of Arithmetic, Frege, and Psychologism. Phenomenology and the Foundations of Philosophy. The Object of Phenomenological Investigation. The Natural Standpoint and Its Suspension: the Epoche. Intentionality, Objects, and Acts of Consciousness. The Transcendental Ego and Our Knowledge of Objects: An Unresolved Problem. Bibliography. Ch. 6. Martin Heidegger: Being and Being Human. What is Philosophy? The Problem of Being. The Fallenness from Being. Heidegger, Husserl, and Phenomenology. Dasein as Being-in-the-World. The World as Equipment. Care. Existenz: Possibility and Understanding. Facticity and "Being Tuned" Average Everydayness: Fallenness and das Man. Authenticity, Inauthenticity, Fallenness, and Angst. Dasein and Temporality: Being-Unto- Death. Heidegger’s Ethics. Being and Truth. Logic, Language, and Nothing. Beyond Metaphysics: Godless Theology. Bibliography. Ch. 7. Jean-Paul Sartre and French Existentialism. The Phenomenological Pursuit of Being. The Transcendence of the Ego. Consciousness: "Being-for- Itself" Nothingness. Facticity and Transcendence: Absurdity and Value. Existential Freedom: Action, Intention, and Emotion. Bad Faith. Being-for-Others. My Body. Relations with Other People. "Existentialist Ethics" Bibliography