Contents

• Pt. I. What Were the Crusades?
• 1. Pope Urban II’s Preaching of the First Crusade / H. E. J. Cowdrey
• 2. Crusading as an Act of Love / Jonathan Riley-Smith
• 3. Reconquest and Crusade in Spain, c.1050-1150 / R. A. Fletcher
• 4. Crusades Against Christians: Their Origins and Early Development, c.1000-1216 / Norman Housley
• 5. Were There Any Crusades In the Twelfth Century? / Christopher J. Tyerman
• Pt. II. Who Were the Crusaders?
• 6. Medieval Charters as a Source for the History of the Crusades / Giles Constable
• 7. Early Crusaders to the East and the Costs of Crusading, 1095-1130 / Jonathan Riley-Smith
• 8. The Roots of Lay Enthusiasm for the First Crusade / Marcus Bull
• 9. Patronage and the Appeal of the First Crusade / John France
• Pt. III. Impact of the Crusades on the East
• 10. Byzantium and the Crusades / Steven Runciman
• 11. The Reaction of the Syrian Muslims after the Foundation of the First Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem / Nikita Elisseeff
• 12. The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant / Benjamin Z. Kedar