Contents

• Introduction: Ideas in Historical Context. Glasnost as Prerequisite. Emotions and Methodology. Makers of History and Objects of Research. Sources and Approach. Organization
• 1. Reactions to Perestroika. What Was Perestroika? Reactions to the Failures of Economic Reform. Political Chaos, Confusion, and Conflict. Glasnost, Democratization, Media, and Theater. New Movements and New Agendas. Newspapers, Movements, and Conceptual Frameworks. Concepts and Definitions
• 2. Interpretations of Glasnost. Glasnost: The Means to Perestroika. Glasnost Outstripping Perestroika. Glasnost Under Attack. The Uses of Glasnost. Glasnost as Leninist and Positive. Glasnost as Unfettered Inquiry. Glasnost as Disorienting and Destabilizing
• 3. Social Deviance and Social Collapse. Crime. Drug Abuse. Prostitution. Aids. Rape. Child Abuse. Suicide. Limits to the "New" Social Issues
• 4. "New" Failures in Housing and Health Care. Housing Conditions. Contraception. Abortion. Infant Mortality. The Shame of Social Policy
• 5. Pluralism Redefined. Pluralism Condemned or Ignored. Democratic Socialism - Enemy of Socialism. Democratic Socialism and the Laws of History. Democratic Centralism, Not Pluralism. Dissident Defense of Democratic Socialism. Pluralist Society in Contemporary Ideological Struggles. Socialist Pluralism on Public Agendas. Gorbachev’s Changing View of Pluralism. From Socialist Monopoly to Socialist Pluralism. From Totalitarianism to Socialist Pluralism and a Multi-party System. Pluralism and Choice. Pluralism as Objective Necessity. A Renewal of Socialism Through Pluralism. Democrats Enthusiastic for Pluralism. Leninists Against Pluralism. Anarchists Against the State and Pluralism. Pluralism in the Social Sciences. Pluralism and Transition
• 6. Democracy and Civil Society. Divisions over Democratization. Gorbachev: Democratization and Leninism. Democrats and Mass Parties. Leninists and Democratizing the CPSU. Anarchists and Democracy as Manipulation. Strong Leadership and Authoritarian Solutions. Civil Society. Parties and Citizenship. Preconditions for and Consequences of Civil Society. State, Citizen, and Representation
• 7. Learning Democracy. Ideas and Context; Practical Problems for Democracy. A Weak Congress of People’s Deputies. Imprecise Powers. The Rush for Sovereignty, Ungovernability, Fragmentation, and Anarchy. The Tyranny of the Nomenklatura and the Persisting Power of the Apparat. Ineffective Representation. Nihilism in the Soviets. Factions Before Parties. Unstable New Parties. The New Soviets: Achievements and Weaknesses
• 8. Crisis. Consensus and Disagreement. Crisis and Myth. Gorbachev: Contradictions of the Transition Period. Popov: State, Nationality, and Economic Crises. Afanasyev: Self- destructive Drift and the Crisis of Power. Yeltsin: Coordinated Persecution and CPSU Resistance. The Democratic Union: Gorbachev Propping Up Totalitarianism. Miners: Partocracy, Shortages, and Price Increases. The United Labor Front: Crisis as Counter-revolution. Leninists: Crisis and the Loss of Leninism. Leaders of the August Coup: Crisis and the State of Emergency. Polity Divided
• 9. Alternative Crises. Pamiat: Genocide of the Russian People. Patriots: The Secularization of Culture and Discrimination. Monarchists: The Virus of Bolshevism. Christians: The Evil of Atheism. Greens: Ecological Catastrophe. Feminists: Discrimination Against Women. Anarchists: Bonapartism of the Party-State Apparat
• 10. Conclusion. The End of State Socialism. Redefining Society and Polity. Redefinition Continued. New Agendas