Contents

• 1. Abraham’s Heirs
• 2. The First European Jews
• 3. "They Display Documents": Jewish Life in the Carolingian Empire
• 4. Cultural Counterpoint: Later Ninth and Tenth Centuries
• 5. "To Make a City of My Village": The Pivotal Eleventh Century
• 6. "In Witness to the Oneness" : The First Crusade and the Jews of the Rhineland
• 7. Christian Renewal, Jewish Decline: The Twelfth Century
• 8. Encounters and Representations: Jews and Christians in Twelfth-Century Cultural Life
• 9. "The Yoke of Servitude": Late Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries
• 10. "Reveal No Secrets": Maintaining a Culture in a Hostile World
• 11. "Our Property": Jews in Twelfth-and Thirteenth-Century England
• 12. "Odious to God and Men": Persecutions and Expulsions